- Introduction
-
Getting Started
- Creating an Account in Hevo
- Subscribing to Hevo via AWS Marketplace
- Subscribing to Hevo via Snowflake Marketplace
- Connection Options
- Familiarizing with the UI
- Creating your First Pipeline
- Data Loss Prevention and Recovery
- Upgrading Pipeline from Standard to Edge
-
Data Ingestion
- Types of Data Synchronization
- Ingestion Modes and Query Modes for Database Sources
- Ingestion and Loading Frequency
- Data Ingestion Statuses
- Deferred Data Ingestion
- Handling of Primary Keys
- Handling of Updates
- Handling of Deletes
- Hevo-generated Metadata
- Best Practices to Avoid Reaching Source API Rate Limits
-
Edge
- Data Ingestion
- Core Concepts
-
Pipelines
- Familiarizing with the Pipelines UI
- Creating an Edge Pipeline
- Working with Edge Pipelines
- Pipeline Job History
- Pipeline Overview
- Needs Attention
- Object and Schema Management
- Activity Log
-
Sources
- Connect AI
- PostgreSQL
- Oracle
- MySQL
- SQL Server
- CockroachDB
- MongoDB
- Troubleshooting Database Sources
- Salesforce Bulk API V2
- Ordergroove
- BambooHR
- Stripe
- NetSuite SuiteAnalytics
- Shopify
- Slack
- ClickUp
- Monday.com
- Pipedrive
- Workable
- Fathom
- HubSpot
- Salesforce Marketing Cloud
- Google Analytics 4
- Google Ads
- Facebook Ads
- Microsoft Ads
- LinkedIn Ads
- Xero
- Instagram Business
- Amazon Selling Partner
- TikTok Ads
- StackAdapt
- Amazon Ads
- Pinterest Organic
- Zendesk Support
- Snapchat Ads
- TikTok Organic
- Google Search Console
- Klaviyo v2
- Braintree Payments
- Facebook Pages
- Tempo
- PayPal
- Auth0
- Pinterest Ads
- Apple Search Ads
- Permit.io
- Amplitude Analytics
- Customer.io
- Paddle
- Jira Cloud
- GitHub
- WorkOS
- ActiveCampaign
- Campaign Monitor
- Mailgun Send
- Metaplane
- Recharge
- sevdesk
- Statuspage
- Teamwork.com
- Workday RaaS
- Yotpo
- TikTok Shop Partner Center
- Naming Conventions for Source Data Entities
- Destinations
- Transformations
- Alerts
- Activate
- Custom Connectors
-
Releases
- Edge Release Notes - October 2026
- Edge Release Notes - September 2026
- Edge Release Notes - August 2026
- Edge Release Notes - July 2026
- Edge Release Notes - June 2026
- Edge Release Notes - May 2026
- Edge Release Notes - April 2026
- Edge Release Notes - March 2026
- Edge Release Notes - February 2026
- Edge Release Notes - January 2026
- Edge Release Notes - December 2025
- Edge Release Notes - November 2025
- Edge Release Notes - October 2025
- Edge Release Notes - September 2025
- Edge Release Notes - August 2025
- Edge Release Notes - July 2025
- Edge Release Notes - November 2024
-
Data Loading
- Loading Data in a Database Destination
- Loading Data to a Data Warehouse
- Optimizing Data Loading for a Destination Warehouse
- Deduplicating Data in a Data Warehouse Destination
- Manually Triggering the Loading of Events
- Scheduling Data Load for a Destination
- Loading Events in Batches
- Data Loading Statuses
- Data Spike Alerts
- Name Sanitization
- Table and Column Name Compression
- Parsing Nested JSON Fields in Events
-
Pipelines
- Data Flow in a Pipeline
- Familiarizing with the Pipelines UI
- Working with Pipelines
- Managing Objects in Pipelines
- Pipeline Jobs
-
Transformations
-
Python Code-Based Transformations
- Supported Python Modules and Functions
-
Transformation Methods in the Event Class
- Create an Event
- Retrieve the Event Name
- Rename an Event
- Retrieve the Properties of an Event
- Modify the Properties for an Event
- Fetch the Primary Keys of an Event
- Modify the Primary Keys of an Event
- Fetch the Data Type of a Field
- Check if the Field is a String
- Check if the Field is a Number
- Check if the Field is Boolean
- Check if the Field is a Date
- Check if the Field is a Time Value
- Check if the Field is a Timestamp
-
TimeUtils
- Convert Date String to Required Format
- Convert Date to Required Format
- Convert Datetime String to Required Format
- Convert Epoch Time to a Date
- Convert Epoch Time to a Datetime
- Convert Epoch to Required Format
- Convert Epoch to a Time
- Get Time Difference
- Parse Date String to Date
- Parse Date String to Datetime Format
- Parse Date String to Time
- Utils
- Examples of Python Code-based Transformations
-
Drag and Drop Transformations
- Special Keywords
-
Transformation Blocks and Properties
- Add a Field
- Change Datetime Field Values
- Change Field Values
- Drop Events
- Drop Fields
- Find & Replace
- Flatten JSON
- Format Date to String
- Format Number to String
- Hash Fields
- If-Else
- Mask Fields
- Modify Text Casing
- Parse Date from String
- Parse JSON from String
- Parse Number from String
- Rename Events
- Rename Fields
- Round-off Decimal Fields
- Split Fields
- Examples of Drag and Drop Transformations
- Effect of Transformations on the Destination Table Structure
- Transformation Reference
- Transformation FAQs
-
Python Code-Based Transformations
-
Schema Mapper
- Using Schema Mapper
- Mapping Statuses
- Auto Mapping Event Types
- Manually Mapping Event Types
- Modifying Schema Mapping for Event Types
- Schema Mapper Actions
- Fixing Unmapped Fields
- Resolving Incompatible Schema Mappings
- Resizing String Columns in the Destination
- Changing the Data Type of a Destination Table Column
- Schema Mapper Compatibility Table
- Limits on the Number of Destination Columns
- File Log
- Troubleshooting Failed Events in a Pipeline
- Mismatch in Events Count in Source and Destination
- Audit Tables
- Activity Log
-
Pipeline FAQs
- Can multiple Sources connect to one Destination?
- What happens if I re-create a deleted Pipeline?
- Why is there a delay in my Pipeline?
- Can I change the Destination post-Pipeline creation?
- Why is my billable Events high with Delta Timestamp mode?
- Can I drop multiple Destination tables in a Pipeline at once?
- How does Run Now affect scheduled ingestion frequency?
- Will pausing some objects increase the ingestion speed?
- Can I see the historical load progress?
- Why is my Historical Load Progress still at 0%?
- Why is historical data not getting ingested?
- How do I set a field as a primary key?
- How do I ensure that records are loaded only once?
- Why can't I see my Pipelines after logging in?
- Events Usage
-
Sources
- Free Sources
-
Databases and File Systems
- Data Warehouses
-
Databases
- Connecting to a Local Database
- Amazon DocumentDB
- Amazon DynamoDB
- Elasticsearch
-
MongoDB
- Generic MongoDB
- MongoDB Atlas
- Support for Multiple Data Types for the _id Field
- Example - Merge Collections Feature
-
Troubleshooting MongoDB
-
Errors During Pipeline Creation
- Error 1001 - Incorrect credentials
- Error 1005 - Connection timeout
- Error 1006 - Invalid database hostname
- Error 1007 - SSH connection failed
- Error 1008 - Database unreachable
- Error 1011 - Insufficient access
- Error 1028 - Primary/Master host needed for OpLog
- Error 1029 - Version not supported for Change Streams
- SSL 1009 - SSL Connection Failure
- Troubleshooting MongoDB Change Streams Connection
- Troubleshooting MongoDB OpLog Connection
-
Errors During Pipeline Creation
- SQL Server
-
MySQL
- Amazon Aurora MySQL
- Amazon RDS MySQL
- Azure MySQL
- Generic MySQL
- Google Cloud MySQL
- MariaDB MySQL
-
Troubleshooting MySQL
-
Errors During Pipeline Creation
- Error 1003 - Connection to host failed
- Error 1006 - Connection to host failed
- Error 1007 - SSH connection failed
- Error 1011 - Access denied
- Error 1012 - Replication access denied
- Error 1017 - Connection to host failed
- Error 1026 - Failed to connect to database
- Error 1027 - Unsupported BinLog format
- Failed to determine binlog filename/position
- Schema 'xyz' is not tracked via bin logs
- Errors Post-Pipeline Creation
-
Errors During Pipeline Creation
- MySQL FAQs
- Oracle
-
PostgreSQL
- Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
- Amazon RDS PostgreSQL
- Azure PostgreSQL
- Generic PostgreSQL
- Google Cloud PostgreSQL
- Heroku PostgreSQL
- Upgrading Pipelines with PostgreSQL Sources to Use the pgoutput Plugin
-
Troubleshooting PostgreSQL
-
Errors during Pipeline creation
- Error 1003 - Authentication failure
- Error 1006 - Connection settings errors
- Error 1011 - Access role issue for logical replication
- Error 1012 - Access role issue for logical replication
- Error 1014 - Database does not exist
- Error 1017 - Connection settings errors
- Error 1023 - No pg_hba.conf entry
- Error 1024 - Number of requested standby connections
- Errors Post-Pipeline Creation
-
Errors during Pipeline creation
-
PostgreSQL FAQs
- Can I track updates to existing records in PostgreSQL?
- How can I migrate a Pipeline created with one PostgreSQL Source variant to another variant?
- How can I prevent data loss when migrating or upgrading my PostgreSQL database?
- Why do FLOAT4 and FLOAT8 values in PostgreSQL show additional decimal places when loaded to BigQuery?
- Why is data not being ingested from PostgreSQL Source objects?
- Troubleshooting Database Sources
- Database Source FAQs
- File Storage
- Engineering Analytics
- Finance & Accounting Analytics
-
Marketing Analytics
- ActiveCampaign
- AdRoll
- Amazon Ads
- Apple Search Ads
- AppsFlyer
- CleverTap
- Criteo
- Drip
- Facebook Ads
- Facebook Page Insights
- Firebase Analytics
- Freshsales
- Google Ads
- Google Analytics 4
- Google Analytics 360
- Google Play Console
- Google Search Console
- HubSpot
- Instagram Business
- Klaviyo v2
- Lemlist
- LinkedIn Ads
- Mailchimp
- Mailshake
- Marketo
- Microsoft Ads
- Onfleet
- Outbrain
- Pardot
- Pinterest Ads
- Pipedrive
- Recharge
- Segment
- SendGrid Webhook
- SendGrid
- Salesforce Marketing Cloud
- Snapchat Ads
- SurveyMonkey
- Taboola
- TikTok Ads
- Twitter Ads
- Typeform
- YouTube Analytics
- Product Analytics
- Sales & Support Analytics
- Source FAQs
-
Destinations
- Familiarizing with the Destinations UI
- Cloud Storage-Based
- Databases
-
Data Warehouses
- Amazon Redshift
- Amazon Redshift Serverless
- Azure Synapse Analytics
- Databricks
-
Google BigQuery
- Clustering in BigQuery
- Partitioning in BigQuery
- Structure of Data in the Google BigQuery Data Warehouse
- Loading Data to a Google BigQuery Data Warehouse
- Near Real-time Data Loading using Streaming
- Modifying BigQuery Destinations to Use Service Account Authentication
- Troubleshooting Google BigQuery
- Google BigQuery FAQs
- Hevo Managed Google BigQuery
- Snowflake
- Troubleshooting Data Warehouse Destinations
-
Destination FAQs
- Can I change the primary key in my Destination table?
- Can I change the Destination table name after creating the Pipeline?
- How can I change or delete the Destination table prefix?
- Why does my Destination have deleted Source records?
- How do I filter deleted Events from the Destination?
- Does a data load regenerate deleted Hevo metadata columns?
- How do I filter out specific fields before loading data?
- Transform
- Alerts
- Account Management
- Activate
- Glossary
-
Releases- 2026 Releases
-
2025 Releases
- Release 2.44 (Dec 01, 2025-Jan 12, 2026)
- Release 2.43 (Nov 03-Dec 01, 2025)
- Release 2.42 (Oct 06-Nov 03, 2025)
- Release 2.41 (Sep 08-Oct 06, 2025)
- Release 2.40 (Aug 11-Sep 08, 2025)
- Release 2.39 (Jul 07-Aug 11, 2025)
- Release 2.38 (Jun 09-Jul 07, 2025)
- Release 2.37 (May 12-Jun 09, 2025)
- Release 2.36 (Apr 14-May 12, 2025)
- Release 2.35 (Mar 17-Apr 14, 2025)
- Release 2.34 (Feb 17-Mar 17, 2025)
- Release 2.33 (Jan 20-Feb 17, 2025)
-
2024 Releases
- Release 2.32 (Dec 16 2024-Jan 20, 2025)
- Release 2.31 (Nov 18-Dec 16, 2024)
- Release 2.30 (Oct 21-Nov 18, 2024)
- Release 2.29 (Sep 30-Oct 22, 2024)
- Release 2.28 (Sep 02-30, 2024)
- Release 2.27 (Aug 05-Sep 02, 2024)
- Release 2.26 (Jul 08-Aug 05, 2024)
- Release 2.25 (Jun 10-Jul 08, 2024)
- Release 2.24 (May 06-Jun 10, 2024)
- Release 2.23 (Apr 08-May 06, 2024)
- Release 2.22 (Mar 11-Apr 08, 2024)
- Release 2.21 (Feb 12-Mar 11, 2024)
- Release 2.20 (Jan 15-Feb 12, 2024)
-
2023 Releases
- Release 2.19 (Dec 04, 2023-Jan 15, 2024)
- Release Version 2.18
- Release Version 2.17
- Release Version 2.16 (with breaking changes)
- Release Version 2.15 (with breaking changes)
- Release Version 2.14
- Release Version 2.13
- Release Version 2.12
- Release Version 2.11
- Release Version 2.10
- Release Version 2.09
- Release Version 2.08
- Release Version 2.07
- Release Version 2.06
-
2022 Releases
- Release Version 2.05
- Release Version 2.04
- Release Version 2.03
- Release Version 2.02
- Release Version 2.01
- Release Version 2.00
- Release Version 1.99
- Release Version 1.98
- Release Version 1.97
- Release Version 1.96
- Release Version 1.95
- Release Version 1.93 & 1.94
- Release Version 1.92
- Release Version 1.91
- Release Version 1.90
- Release Version 1.89
- Release Version 1.88
- Release Version 1.87
- Release Version 1.86
- Release Version 1.84 & 1.85
- Release Version 1.83
- Release Version 1.82
- Release Version 1.81
- Release Version 1.80 (Jan-24-2022)
- Release Version 1.79 (Jan-03-2022)
-
2021 Releases
- Release Version 1.78 (Dec-20-2021)
- Release Version 1.77 (Dec-06-2021)
- Release Version 1.76 (Nov-22-2021)
- Release Version 1.75 (Nov-09-2021)
- Release Version 1.74 (Oct-25-2021)
- Release Version 1.73 (Oct-04-2021)
- Release Version 1.72 (Sep-20-2021)
- Release Version 1.71 (Sep-09-2021)
- Release Version 1.70 (Aug-23-2021)
- Release Version 1.69 (Aug-09-2021)
- Release Version 1.68 (Jul-26-2021)
- Release Version 1.67 (Jul-12-2021)
- Release Version 1.66 (Jun-28-2021)
- Release Version 1.65 (Jun-14-2021)
- Release Version 1.64 (Jun-01-2021)
- Release Version 1.63 (May-19-2021)
- Release Version 1.62 (May-05-2021)
- Release Version 1.61 (Apr-20-2021)
- Release Version 1.60 (Apr-06-2021)
- Release Version 1.59 (Mar-23-2021)
- Release Version 1.58 (Mar-09-2021)
- Release Version 1.57 (Feb-22-2021)
- Release Version 1.56 (Feb-09-2021)
- Release Version 1.55 (Jan-25-2021)
- Release Version 1.54 (Jan-12-2021)
-
2020 Releases
- Release Version 1.53 (Dec-22-2020)
- Release Version 1.52 (Dec-03-2020)
- Release Version 1.51 (Nov-10-2020)
- Release Version 1.50 (Oct-19-2020)
- Release Version 1.49 (Sep-28-2020)
- Release Version 1.48 (Sep-01-2020)
- Release Version 1.47 (Aug-06-2020)
- Release Version 1.46 (Jul-21-2020)
- Release Version 1.45 (Jul-02-2020)
- Release Version 1.44 (Jun-11-2020)
- Release Version 1.43 (May-15-2020)
- Release Version 1.42 (Apr-30-2020)
- Release Version 1.41 (Apr-2020)
- Release Version 1.40 (Mar-2020)
- Release Version 1.39 (Feb-2020)
- Release Version 1.38 (Jan-2020)
- Early Access New
Mailgun Send (Edge)
Mailgun is an email delivery service by Sinch that businesses use to send, receive, and track transactional and marketing emails through an API or SMTP. Mailgun Send is the part of Mailgun that sends emails and tracks what happens to them, such as deliveries, opens, clicks, and bounces.
Hevo uses the Mailgun API to replicate data from your Mailgun account to the Destination of your choice. To ingest data, you must provide Hevo with a Mailgun API key and the region that hosts your Mailgun account.
Supported Features
| Feature Name | Supported |
|---|---|
| Capture deletes | Yes (for some objects) |
| History mode | No |
| Custom data (user-configured tables & fields) | No |
| Data blocking (skip objects and fields) | Yes |
| Resync (objects and Pipelines) | Yes |
| API configurable | No |
Prerequisites
-
An active Mailgun account from which data is to be ingested.
-
You are assigned the Admin role, or another role that can manage API keys, in your Mailgun account, to create an API key.
Create an API Key
Hevo connects to Mailgun using a Mailgun API key. Perform the following steps to create one:
-
Log in to your Mailgun account.
-
In the upper-right corner, click your profile name, and then click API Security.
-
In the Mailgun API keys section, click Create key.

-
In the Create API key dialog, specify a Description for the key, such as Hevo Pipeline, and then click Create Key.
-
Click Copy to clipboard, and save the key securely. Then, click Done.

Note: Mailgun shows the API key only when you create it. If you lose the key, delete it and create a new one. If the key is deleted, Hevo cannot connect to Mailgun. To resume ingestion, modify the Source configuration with a valid key.
Configure Mailgun Send as a Source in your Pipeline
Perform the following steps to configure your Mailgun Send Source:
-
Click Pipelines in the Navigation Bar.
-
Click + Create Pipeline in the Pipelines List View.
-
On the Select Source Type page, select Mailgun Send.
-
On the Select Destination Type page, select the type of Destination you want to use.
-
In the Configure Source screen, specify the following:

-
Source Name: A unique name for your Source, not exceeding 255 characters. For example, Mailgun Source.
-
In the Connect to Mailgun section, specify the following:
-
API Key: The API key that you created in Mailgun.
-
Mailgun Region: The region that hosts your Mailgun account, US or EU. The selected region must match the region in which your API key was created. You can see the region of your account next to the flag icon at the top of the Mailgun dashboard.
-
-
-
Click Test & Continue to test the connection to your Mailgun Send Source. Once the test is successful, you can proceed to set up your Destination.
Data Replication
Hevo replicates data for all the objects selected on the Configure Objects page during Pipeline creation. By default, all supported objects and their available fields are selected. However, you can modify this selection while creating or editing the Pipeline.
Hevo ingests the entire data of all the selected objects during each Pipeline run, as per the sync frequency. For the event objects, such as Accepted Event and Delivered Event, Hevo ingests all the events that Mailgun retains at the time of the run.
You can resync only the parent objects, Domain, Mailing List, Route, Inbox Ready Domain, Monitored IP, Seed List, Seed List Result, and Spam Trap Count. When you resync a parent object, Hevo also resyncs its child objects.
Note: You can create a Pipeline with this Source only using the Merge load mode. The Append mode is not supported for this Source.
Schema and Primary Keys
Hevo uses the following schema to upload the records in the Destination. For a detailed view of the objects, fields, and relationships, click the ERD.
The primary key of most objects is id. The following objects use other primary keys:
-
The tag, message attachment, and message recipient objects of each event type, such as Delivered Event Tag:
event_idandindex. -
Accepted Event Route:
idandevent_id. -
Bounce and Complaint:
domain_idandemail. -
Whitelist:
domain_id,type, andvalue. -
Receiving DNS Record and Sending DNS Record:
dns_record_key, a hash of the domain, record type, name, and value. -
Route Action:
route_action_key, a hash of the route and the action. -
Mailing List:
email, the address of the mailing list. -
Inbox Ready Domain:
name. -
Monitored IP:
ip. Blocklist Event:ipandblocklist. -
Seed List Sending Domain:
seed_list_idanddomain. Seed List Result:result_id. -
Spam Trap Count:
date.
Data Model
The following is the list of tables (objects) that are created at the Destination when you run the Pipeline:
| Object | Description |
|---|---|
| Domain | Contains the sending domains of your Mailgun account, including their state, type, and settings. It includes the following child objects: - Receiving DNS Record - Sending DNS Record - Template - Bounce - Complaint - Whitelist - Accepted Event, Delivered Event, Failed Event, Rejected Event, Opened Event, Clicked Event, Unsubscribed Event, Stored Event, and Complained Event, and their tag, message attachment, message recipient, and route child objects |
| Mailing List | Contains the mailing lists of your account, including their address, access level, and number of members. |
| Route | Contains the routes that process incoming emails, including their priority and filter expression. It includes a child object, Route Action. |
| Inbox Ready Domain | Contains the domains that are monitored in Mailgun Optimize. |
| Monitored IP | Contains the IP addresses that are monitored for blocklistings in Mailgun Optimize. It includes a child object, Blocklist Event. |
| Seed List | Contains the seed lists used for inbox placement tests. It includes a child object, Seed List Sending Domain. |
| Seed List Result | Contains the results of inbox placement tests. |
| Spam Trap Count | Contains the daily number of spam trap hits, by trap type. |
Additional Information
Read the detailed Hevo documentation for the following related topics:
Handling of Deletes
For all the objects except the event objects and Spam Trap Count, Hevo uses a full data refresh approach to capture delete actions. If a record exists in the Destination but is no longer returned by the Source, the record is marked as deleted by setting the value of the metadata column __hevo__marked_deleted to True.
For the event objects and Spam Trap Count, Hevo does not capture deletes. Events that Mailgun no longer retains remain in the Destination.
Source Considerations
-
Mailgun retains events for a limited period, which is at least 3 days and depends on your Mailgun plan. Hevo ingests only the events that Mailgun retains at the time of each Pipeline run. To capture all the events, set a sync frequency shorter than the retention period of your plan.
-
The Spam Trap Count object contains the daily number of spam trap hits for the last 7 days at the time of each Pipeline run. As Hevo does not capture deletes for this object, the counts of earlier days remain in the Destination.
-
The Inbox Ready Domain, Monitored IP, Blocklist Event, Seed List, Seed List Sending Domain, and Seed List Result objects contain data only if the corresponding Mailgun Optimize features are enabled for your account. Otherwise, Hevo creates these tables, but they remain empty.
-
In the Blocklist Event object, the
timestampsfield contains the time at which Mailgun first detected the listing. The time at which Mailgun last detected the listing is stored in thelast_seenfield. -
Mailgun returns the value 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z for some date fields that do not have a value. Hevo loads this value unchanged. In the Blocklist Event object, this value in the
delist_requested_atfield means that a delisting was not requested. In the Seed List object, this value in thelast_result_atfield means that the seed list does not have a result yet. -
The Whitelist object contains the allowlist of each domain, which Mailgun shows as Allowlist in the user interface.
Limitations
-
Hevo does not replicate the members of mailing lists. The Mailing List object contains only the mailing lists and their number of members.
-
Hevo does not replicate the content of stored messages, the tracking settings of domains, the DKIM keys of domains, or account-level templates.
Revision History
Refer to the following table for the list of key updates made to this page:
| Date | Release | Description of Change |
|---|---|---|
| Oct-19-2026 | NA | New document. |